КОМАХИ-ЗАПИЛЮВАЧІ ПЛОДОВО-ЯГІДНИХ КУЛЬТУР, ПРИДАТНИХ ДЛЯ ПОШИРЕННЯ В УКРАЇНІ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ РОДИНИ ROSACEA)
Ключові слова:
Rosaceaе, глобальна криза запилення, ентомофілія, спосіб запилення, агенти запилення, антофільний комплексАнотація
Сучасні дослідження свідчать про виникнення глобальної кризи запилення щодо сільськогосподарських і природних екосистем. Значну частину їжі людина одержує саме з ентомофільних рослин. Тому збереження й захист антофільних видів комах як основних «агентів» запилення наразі актуальна проблема.
В Україні родина Rosaceae належить до провідних за кількістю видів. Для окремих регіонів країни Rosaceaе також займає чільні місця за кількістю видів: Причорномор’я – VI – VII, Буковина – ІІІ, Крим – V. Види мають велике народногосподарське значення та є основою плодово-ягідного виробництва в Україні; досліджено питання економічної значимості родини; показано, що п’ята частина родини належить до рослин-медодаїв. Авторами проведено аналіз літературних відомостей за останні 20 років щодо способів і шляхів запилення, видового спектру агентів-запилювачів для видів-ентомофілів родини Rosaceae, внесених до «Державного реєстру сортів рослин, придатних для поширення в Україні» станом на 2022 рік. На основі зібраної інформації сформовано масив даних. Виокремлено список із 15 видів і 2-х гібридів, які належать до 8-ми родів та трьох підродин. Для них показано переважання перехресного запилення та наявність складного комбінованого варіанту. Аналіз літературних джерел щодо антофільного комплексу видів родини Rosaceae дозволив виокремити основні ряди агентів-запилювачів: перетинчастокрилі (Hymenoptera), двокрилі (Diptera), твердокрилі (Coleoptera), лускокрилі (Lepidoptera) і виділити мелітофілію як переважаючий шлях запилення, а його універсальним агентом – бджолу медоносну Apis mellifera L. Проте видовий склад асоційованого антофільного комплексу у доступній літературі відображено фрагментарно і потребує подальших досліджень.
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