Monitoring of biodiversity on the examples fish fauna research as a basis for nature reserve fund objects creation and it sustainable development
Keywords:
monitoring of biodiversity, fish fauna of the Desna River, Mezin NNP, fish community structure, biological diversity protectingAbstract
At this stage of society development, the impact on nature has reached a critical level. In order to reduce the negative consequences, the UN Summit approved 17 Sustainable Human Development Goals, which include a block on environmental protection. Ukraine, having undertaken a number of commitments, is also implementing an environmental strategy, one of the main criteria of which is the expansion of the environmental network. However, at the moment the real achievements in solving the tasks are insignificant. Allocated areas, as well as environmental measures implemented, will often be ineffective. The purpose of the current study is to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of monitoring the state of biological diversity on the example of ichthyofauna. The research was conducted at two stations on the Desna River within the Mezin NNP during three years. The main tool for collecting materials was an ichthyological net.
According to the results of the study, it was found that the fishing gear and research methods used are quite relevant to the goal and provide scientific data on the biological diversity of fish. During the research period, 26 species of fish were identified at two stations, a relative number was established for each of them (per 100 m2 of the reservoir area), and their biotope timing and distribution within the stations were studied. It is established that the most numerous species in the studied area is the European bitterling, the whole life cycle of which takes place in non-flowing overgrown areas of the reservoir. At the same time, its number was subject to significant fluctuations during the study period. Similar data were obtained for Ide and Zope. Both species in 2018 gave an extremely high surge in numbers, surpassing the bitter at some stations. These data are evidence and an indicator of the level of reproductive health of populations and can be used as tools for their detailed analysis.
The obtained results indicate that the monitoring of the state of biological diversity on the example of ichthyofauna is an effective and necessary tool both at the stages of planning and creation of nature reserves and at the stage of their functioning. The best results can be obtained by applying both preliminary (before the creation of NPF facilities) and current (for effective management of the existing NPF facility) monitoring of biological diversity. Regular use of such "primitive" fishing gear as nets allows to obtain valuable scientific data necessary for the implementation of an effective strategy for environmental management.
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