THE APPLICATION OF YEAST RHODOTORULA GLUTINIS FOR CULTIVATION OF SIMOCEPHALUS VETULUS (MÜLLER, 1776) UNDER THE LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Abstract
The usage of live feeds on the early stages of fish post-embryonic development has a positive effect on the fry survival and growth processes. Zooplankton which commonly used as live food is not able to synthesize such important groups of substances for normal development of animal organism as carotenoids, but only to their accumulation. In this regard, the important issue is the development of technology in vivo saturation of forage organisms by carotenoids. The different groups of organisms, including algae of the genus Haematococcus and yeast of genera Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula and Phaffia, can serve as industrial producers of carotenoids. Given that for growing laboratory cultures of planktonic crustaceans the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is traditionally used, the appropriate trend in the biotechnology of zooplankton cultivation is application of yeast, but capable of carotenogenesis. One of such species is Rhodotorula glutinis. In assessing the qualitative composition of carotenoids in R. glutinis it was used a variety of solvents in the following combinations: acetone-benzene- petroleum ether-hexane (10:10:3:10), benzene-acetone-chloroform (5:5:4), hexane-benzene (9:1) and chloroform. Their use has allowed to detect the presence of one chromatographic zone – β-carotene. When using an another system of solvents – hexane-benzene ( 29:1 ) – it was made able to identify three pigmented bands, corresponding β-, γ-carotene and xanthophylls torulin and torularodyn whose presence was confirmed by spectrophotometric studies. In the study of retinol, sodium acetate and hydrogen peroxide influence on the biosynthetic ability of R. glutinis it was observed the catalytic effect of compounds on the carotenogenesis, with maximum changes shown when using hydrogen peroxide. It was established that the usage of R. glutinis as feed substrate causes an increase the carotenoid content in live feeds almost 2 times, and is accompanied by an increase in total protein content and a decrease in the share of total lipids. It should be noted that the replacement of the yeast S. cerevisiae to carotene-productional yeast do not significantly impacts on the growth dynamics of the culture S. vetulus. Analysis of physical and chemical characteristics of the culture medium showed minor fluctuations of dissolved oxygen and stable pH, redox potential, conductivity and total mineralization when growing S. vetulus on R. glutinis. This leads to the possibility of reducing the number of operations by control the quality of cultural medium, what can significantly simplify the technology of zooplankton saturation by carotenoids of microbiological origin.
Keywords: cultivation, Simocephalus vetulus, yeast, Rhodotorula glutinis, Saccharomyces serevisiae, carotenoids.
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